RFC Reference Library

IETF Standards Underpinning 3GPP & 5G Security — Interactive Index
61
RFCs
13
Categories
7
3GPP Interfaces
20+
Years of Standards
Scope: 3GPP-relevant RFCs — the IETF standards referenced by TS 33.501, TS 29.500, TS 33.210, TS 33.310, and related 3GPP specifications. Covers authentication, cryptography, transport, and protocol foundations for 4G/5G networks.
→ See the companion 3GPP Security Specifications library
Authentication & EAP Methods

RFC 3748

EAP

Extensible Authentication Protocol — base framework for EAP-AKA/EAP-AKA', defines method negotiation, identity exchange, success/failure, and transport layer independence

Obsoletes: RFC 2284 · Status: Standards Track · June 2004

RFC 4187

EAP-AKA

EAP Method for 3GPP UMTS Authentication and Key Agreement — USIM-based authentication for non-3GPP access, AT_RAND/AT_AUTN/AT_RES exchange, key derivation (MSK/EMSK)

Status: Standards Track · January 2006

RFC 5448

EAP-AKA'

Improved EAP-AKA for 3GPP — adds key binding to access network name (AT_KDF_INPUT), prevents re-authentication key misuse across serving networks, mandatory for 5G

Updates: RFC 4187 · Status: Standards Track · May 2009

RFC 9048

EAP-AKA' Updates

Improved EAP-AKA' Identity Handling — updates for 5G: SUCI-based privacy, bidding-down prevention, alignment with TS 33.501 authentication procedures

Updates: RFC 5448 · Status: Standards Track · October 2021

RFC 3310

HTTP Digest AKA

HTTP Digest Authentication Using AKA — maps 3GPP AKA challenge/response into HTTP Digest, used in IMS (P-CSCF/S-CSCF) authentication procedures

Status: Informational · September 2002
TLS & DTLS

RFC 8446

TLS 1.3

The Transport Layer Security Protocol Version 1.3 — 1-RTT/0-RTT handshake, mandatory for 5G SBI (TS 29.500 §5.2), SEPP N32-c, NRF/NSSF discovery, forward secrecy via ephemeral DH

Obsoletes: RFC 5246 · Status: Standards Track · August 2018

RFC 9325

TLS/DTLS Best Practices

Recommendations for TLS and DTLS — BCP 195, cipher suite recommendations, certificate validation, session resumption guidance referenced by 3GPP security profiles

Obsoletes: RFC 7525 · BCP 195 · Status: Best Current Practice · November 2022

RFC 6347

DTLS 1.2

Datagram Transport Layer Security Version 1.2 — UDP-based TLS for SCTP-over-DTLS, used in Diameter transport and LTE eNB management interfaces

Obsoletes: RFC 4347 · Status: Standards Track · January 2012

RFC 9147

DTLS 1.3

The Datagram Transport Layer Security Protocol Version 1.3 — reduced handshake, connection ID support, 0-RTT data, aligned with TLS 1.3 cipher suites

Obsoletes: RFC 6347 · Status: Standards Track · April 2022
IPsec & IKE (Network Domain Security)

RFC 4301

IPsec Architecture

Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol — SAD/SPD/PAD model, tunnel/transport modes, traffic selectors; foundational for TS 33.210 NDS/IP per-interface GTP protection

Obsoletes: RFC 2401 · Status: Standards Track · December 2005

RFC 4303

ESP

IP Encapsulating Security Payload — encryption + integrity for IP packets, tunnel mode mandatory for GTP-U/GTP-C protection per TS 33.210 §5.3

Obsoletes: RFC 2406 · Status: Standards Track · December 2005

RFC 4302

AH

IP Authentication Header — connectionless integrity and data origin authentication for IP datagrams, inner header protection without encryption

Obsoletes: RFC 2402 · Status: Standards Track · December 2005

RFC 7296

IKEv2

Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 — IKE_SA_INIT/IKE_AUTH exchanges, child SA negotiation, EAP integration; mandatory for TS 33.210 NDS/IP and ePDG/N3IWF tunnels

Obsoletes: RFC 5996 · STD 79 · Status: Standards Track · October 2014

RFC 7383

IKEv2 Fragmentation

IKEv2 Message Fragmentation — handles large IKE messages (certificate chains, EAP payloads) that exceed path MTU, critical for PKI-based NDS deployments

Status: Standards Track · November 2014
PKI & Certificates

RFC 5280

X.509 PKI

Internet X.509 PKI Certificate and CRL Profile — certificate structure, extensions (SAN, KU, EKU), path validation algorithm; foundational for TS 33.310 NDS certificate profiles

Obsoletes: RFC 3280 · Status: Standards Track · May 2008

RFC 4210

CMPv2

Certificate Management Protocol — IR/CR/KUR/RR messages, proof-of-possession, RA model; used in TS 33.310 for NF certificate enrollment and renewal

Obsoletes: RFC 2510 · Status: Standards Track · September 2005

RFC 7030

EST

Enrollment over Secure Transport — HTTPS-based certificate enrollment, simpleenroll/simplereenroll/cacerts operations; alternative to CMPv2 in TS 33.310

Status: Standards Track · October 2013

RFC 6960

OCSP

Online Certificate Status Protocol — real-time certificate revocation checking via HTTP, OCSP stapling, nonce-based replay prevention; referenced by TS 33.310 §6.2

Obsoletes: RFC 6277, RFC 2560 · Status: Standards Track · June 2013
OAuth 2.0 & Token-Based Authentication (SBI / SEPP)

RFC 6749

OAuth 2.0

The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework — authorization code, client credentials, token endpoint; used in 5G SBI for NF-to-NF authorization via NRF (TS 29.510 / TS 33.501 §13.4)

Obsoletes: RFC 5849 · Status: Standards Track · October 2012

RFC 6750

Bearer Tokens

The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage — HTTP Authorization header, token transport, threat model for bearer tokens in SBI

Status: Standards Track · October 2012

RFC 7519

JWT

JSON Web Token — compact claims representation (iss, sub, aud, exp), used in 5G access tokens for NF service authorization, SEPP N32-f message protection

Status: Standards Track · May 2015

RFC 7515

JWS

JSON Web Signature — digital signature / MAC over JWS payload with compact/JSON serialization; used in SEPP N32-f PRINS for inter-PLMN message integrity

Status: Standards Track · May 2015

RFC 7516

JWE

JSON Web Encryption — content encryption with authenticated encryption (AEAD), key wrapping; used in SEPP N32-f for inter-PLMN message confidentiality

Status: Standards Track · May 2015

RFC 7517

JWK

JSON Web Key — JSON data structure for cryptographic keys (RSA, EC, symmetric), JWK Set for key management, key ID (kid) for rotation

Status: Standards Track · May 2015

RFC 7518

JWA

JSON Web Algorithms — algorithm registry: RS256/ES256 for JWS, A128GCM/A256GCM for JWE, ECDH-ES for key agreement; mandated algorithms for 5G SEPP profiles

Status: Standards Track · May 2015
HTTP/2 & SBI Transport

RFC 9113

HTTP/2

HTTP/2 — binary framing, stream multiplexing, server push, HPACK compression; mandatory transport for 5G SBI (TS 29.500 §5.2.1), all NF-to-NF communication

Obsoletes: RFC 7540 · Status: Standards Track · June 2022

RFC 7541

HPACK

HPACK: Header Compression for HTTP/2 — Huffman coding, static/dynamic table, indexing; integral to HTTP/2 SBI performance and CRIME attack mitigation

Status: Standards Track · May 2015

RFC 9110

HTTP Semantics

HTTP Semantics — methods (GET/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE), status codes, content negotiation, conditional requests; defines the API contract for all 5G SBI services

Obsoletes: RFC 7231 · Status: Standards Track · June 2022

RFC 8259

JSON

The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format — serialization format for all SBI request/response bodies in 5G core

Obsoletes: RFC 7159 · STD 90 · Status: Standards Track · December 2017

RFC 9114

HTTP/3

HTTP/3 — HTTP over QUIC, eliminates head-of-line blocking, 0-RTT connection setup, QPACK header compression; future candidate for SBI transport

Status: Standards Track · June 2022

RFC 9000

QUIC

QUIC: A UDP-Based Multiplexed and Secure Transport — integrated TLS 1.3, per-stream flow control, connection migration, 0-RTT; foundation for HTTP/3

Status: Standards Track · May 2021

RFC 9001

QUIC TLS

Using TLS to Secure QUIC — TLS 1.3 integration, 4 encryption levels, header protection, key derivation (quic key/iv/hp), key update mechanism

Status: Standards Track · May 2021
SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol)

RFC 9260

SCTP

Stream Control Transmission Protocol — multi-homing, multi-streaming, message-oriented transport; mandatory for NGAP (N2), XnAP, S1AP, and Diameter in 3GPP networks

Obsoletes: RFC 4960 · Status: Standards Track · June 2022

RFC 6083

DTLS for SCTP

DTLS for Stream Control Transmission Protocol — per-association security, replay protection, key management for SCTP-based signaling where IPsec is not used

Status: Standards Track · January 2011

RFC 4895

SCTP AUTH

Authenticated Chunks for SCTP — AUTH chunk with HMAC-SHA1/SHA-256, per-chunk authentication without IPsec, protects dynamic address reconfiguration

Status: Standards Track · August 2007
Diameter & AAA

RFC 6733

Diameter Base

Diameter Base Protocol — peer-to-peer AAA framework, AVP encoding, CER/CEA/DWR/DWA, transport (TCP/SCTP + TLS/DTLS); used on S6a, Gx, Gy, Rx interfaces in EPC

Obsoletes: RFC 3588 · Status: Standards Track · October 2012

RFC 4006

Credit-Control

Diameter Credit-Control Application — real-time credit/charging (CCR/CCA), unit reservation, Gy interface for online charging in EPC/5G

Status: Standards Track · August 2005

RFC 7155

NASREQ

Diameter NASREQ Application — Network Access Server authentication/authorization, RADIUS-to-Diameter gateway support, EAP integration

Obsoletes: RFC 4005 · Status: Standards Track · April 2014

RFC 2865

RADIUS

Remote Authentication Dial In User Service — request/response AAA, Access-Request/Accept/Reject, attribute encoding; legacy AAA still present in many operator networks

Obsoletes: RFC 2138 · Status: Standards Track · June 2000

RFC 3579

RADIUS EAP

RADIUS Support for EAP — EAP-Message/Message-Authenticator attributes, EAP over RADIUS transport for WLAN interworking and 3GPP AAA

Status: Standards Track · September 2003

RFC 3580

802.1X RADIUS

802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines — dynamic VLAN assignment, session management, key distribution for carrier WLAN 802.1X deployments

Status: Standards Track · September 2003
DNS & Service Discovery

RFC 2782

DNS SRV

A DNS RR for Service Location (SRV) — priority/weight-based service selection, used for Diameter peer discovery and IMS DNS-based NF resolution

Obsoletes: RFC 2052 · Status: Standards Track · February 2000

RFC 4033

DNSSEC Intro

DNS Security Introduction and Requirements — DNSSEC overview, threat model, trust anchors, chain of trust; protects DNS-based NF discovery from spoofing

Obsoletes: RFC 2535 · Status: Standards Track · March 2005

RFC 6891

EDNS(0)

Extension Mechanisms for DNS — OPT pseudo-RR, larger UDP payload sizes, extension flags; required for DNSSEC-enabled environments in operator DNS infrastructure

Obsoletes: RFC 2671 · STD 75 · Status: Standards Track · April 2013
SIP & IMS

RFC 3261

SIP

SIP: Session Initiation Protocol — INVITE/REGISTER/BYE transactions, proxy/registrar/UA roles, dialog state machines; core signaling protocol for 3GPP IMS

Obsoletes: RFC 2543 · Status: Standards Track · June 2002

RFC 3329

SIP Security Agreement

Security Mechanism Agreement for SIP — Security-Client/Server/Verify headers, IPsec-3gpp mechanism negotiation; mandatory for IMS UE registration security

Status: Standards Track · January 2003

RFC 3327

SIP Path Extension

SIP Extension Header for Registering Non-Adjacent Contacts — Path header for SIP proxies in the registration path; used in IMS for P-CSCF routing

Status: Standards Track · December 2002

RFC 3455

3GPP SIP P-Headers

Private Header Extensions to SIP for 3GPP — P-Associated-URI, P-Called-Party-ID, P-Visited-Network-ID, P-Access-Network-Info headers for IMS

Status: Informational · January 2003

RFC 3711

SRTP

Secure Real-time Transport Protocol — AES-CM encryption, HMAC-SHA1 authentication, replay protection for IMS VoLTE/VoNR media plane security (TS 33.328)

Status: Standards Track · March 2004
IP Mobility

RFC 5213

PMIPv6

Proxy Mobile IPv6 — network-based mobility management (LMA/MAG), PBU/PBA signaling, GRE/IPv6-in-IPv6 tunneling; basis for 3GPP S2a/S2b interfaces

Status: Standards Track · August 2008

RFC 5944

Mobile IPv4

IP Mobility Support for IPv4 — HA/FA model, registration, tunneling; legacy mobility protocol referenced in 3GPP interworking scenarios

Obsoletes: RFC 3344 · Status: Standards Track · November 2010

RFC 6275

Mobile IPv6

Mobility Support in IPv6 — Binding Update/Ack, return routability, route optimization, Home Agent discovery; host-based mobility for dual-stack mobile IPv6

Obsoletes: RFC 3775 · Status: Standards Track · July 2011

RFC 3386

Network Hierarchy

Network Hierarchy and Multilayer Survivability — framework for GTP tunnel survivability across physical, link, IP, and service layers in mobile networks

Status: Informational · November 2002
JSON, CBOR & Data Formats

RFC 7049

CBOR

Concise Binary Object Representation — compact binary JSON-compatible encoding for constrained IoT devices, used in COSE/CWT for lightweight 3GPP IoT credentials

Status: Standards Track · October 2013

RFC 8949

CBOR (Updated)

CBOR — updated specification with deterministic encoding, improved map handling, and editorial corrections for the Concise Binary Object Representation

Obsoletes: RFC 7049 · STD 94 · Status: Standards Track · December 2020

RFC 7946

GeoJSON

The GeoJSON Format — geographic data structures (Point, Polygon, MultiPolygon); used in 5G for UE location services and NEF location API data models

Status: Standards Track · August 2016
Cryptographic Primitives

RFC 5869

HKDF

HMAC-based Extract-and-Expand Key Derivation Function — extract-then-expand paradigm; used in TLS 1.3, EAP-AKA', and 5G key hierarchy (K_AUSF→K_SEAF→K_AMF derivation chain)

Status: Informational · May 2010

RFC 4868

HMAC-SHA-256/384/512

Using HMAC-SHA-256, HMAC-SHA-384, and HMAC-SHA-512 with IPsec — truncated MAC computation for ESP/AH authentication, mandatory algorithms for TS 33.210 cipher suites

Status: Standards Track · May 2007

RFC 3394

AES Key Wrap

Advanced Encryption Standard Key Wrap Algorithm — KEK-based key transport (A128KW/A256KW), integrity-protected key wrapping used in JWE key management

Status: Informational · September 2002

RFC 5116

AEAD Interface

An Interface and Algorithms for Authenticated Encryption — AEAD abstraction (AES-GCM, AES-CCM), nonce management; mandated for TLS 1.3 and ESP cipher suites

Status: Standards Track · January 2008

RFC 6090

ECC Fundamentals

Fundamental Elliptic Curve Cryptography Algorithms — point arithmetic, ECDH key agreement, ECDSA signatures; underlying math for ES256/ES384 in JWS and TLS 1.3 key exchange

Status: Informational · February 2011
ISO 27001 Annex A Mapping

RFC 4120

Kerberos ISO

Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5) — ticket-based mutual authentication using symmetric key cryptography via trusted third-party KDC

Status: Standards Track · July 2005 · A.5.15, A.8.5

RFC 4511

LDAP ISO

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) v3 — directory services for centralized identity management, authentication, and access control

Status: Standards Track · June 2006 · A.5.15, A.5.16, A.8.2, A.8.5

RFC 4252

SSH-Auth ISO

SSH Authentication Protocol — public key, password, and keyboard-interactive authentication methods for secure remote access

Status: Standards Track · January 2006 · A.8.5, A.8.2, A.5.17

RFC 4253

SSH ISO

SSH Transport Layer Protocol — server authentication, encryption, and integrity for secure remote system administration

Status: Standards Track · January 2006 · A.8.20, A.8.5, A.8.2

RFC 6376

ISO

DomainKeys Identified Mail — cryptographic email authentication using DNS-published public keys to verify sender domain identity

Status: Standards Track · September 2011 · A.8.12, A.8.21

RFC 7208

ISO

Sender Policy Framework — DNS-based email sender authorization, specifying which IPs may send email for a domain

Status: Standards Track · April 2014 · A.8.12, A.8.21

RFC 7489

ISO

Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance — policy framework unifying SPF and DKIM with reporting

Status: Informational · March 2015 · A.8.12, A.8.21, A.8.16

RFC 8551

ISO

S/MIME 4.0 — end-to-end email encryption and digital signatures using public key cryptography for message confidentiality and integrity

Status: Standards Track · April 2019 · A.8.24, A.8.12, A.5.14

RFC 5424

Syslog ISO

Syslog Protocol — standardized logging framework for event notification messages, security monitoring, and compliance audit trails

Status: Standards Track · March 2009 · A.8.15, A.8.16, A.5.28

RFC 5425

Syslog-TLS ISO

TLS Transport for Syslog — secure, authenticated delivery of log messages over TLS for audit log integrity and confidentiality

Status: Standards Track · March 2009 · A.8.15, A.8.24

RFC 5905

NTP ISO

NTPv4 — clock synchronization protocol critical for log correlation, certificate validation, Kerberos authentication, and forensic timelines

Status: Standards Track · June 2010 · A.8.17, A.8.15, A.5.28

RFC 8484

DoH ISO

DNS over HTTPS — encrypted DNS resolution via HTTPS, preventing eavesdropping and manipulation of DNS queries

Status: Standards Track · October 2018 · A.8.20, A.8.21, A.8.24

RFC 7858

DoT ISO

DNS over TLS — encrypted DNS resolution on dedicated port 853, providing confidentiality for enterprise DNS queries

Status: Standards Track · May 2016 · A.8.20, A.8.21, A.8.24

RFC 8555

ACME ISO

Automatic Certificate Management Environment — automated certificate issuance, renewal, and revocation for zero-touch PKI operations at scale

Status: Standards Track · March 2019 · A.8.24, A.5.15
Cross-Reference Matrix

Which RFCs reference which — showing key dependencies across the 3GPP-relevant RFC library. Read row→column: ✓ = row references column.

374841875448844643014303 729652806749751975159113 6733926058693261
RFC 3748 EAP —···············
RFC 4187 EAP-AKA ✓—··············
RFC 5448 EAP-AKA' ✓✓—···········✓·
RFC 8446 TLS 1.3 ···—···✓······✓·
RFC 4301 IPsec ····—✓✓·········
RFC 4303 ESP ····✓—··········
RFC 7296 IKEv2 ✓···✓✓—✓········
RFC 5280 X.509 ·······—········
RFC 6749 OAuth 2.0 ········—·······
RFC 7519 JWT ·········—✓·····
RFC 7515 JWS ··········—·····
RFC 9113 HTTP/2 ···✓·······—····
RFC 6733 Diameter ✓···✓··✓····—✓··
RFC 9260 SCTP ·············—··
RFC 5869 HKDF ··············—·
RFC 3261 SIP ·······✓·······—